Showing posts with label Tiếng anh thông dụng. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Tiếng anh thông dụng. Show all posts

Thursday, 24 October 2019

Street, Road, Avenue, Boulevard and more than those

Hồi mới qua Anh, với vốn tiếng Anh sẵn có, tôi cũng chỉ biết các từ street, avenue, boulevard để chỉ con đường, đường đi, đường phố. Từ đầu tiên rất phổ biến với các bạn trong khi hai từ sau thì tôi biết thêm qua tiếng Pháp. Rõ ràng, phần lớn người học tiếng Anh đều nghe từ street hay road. Ít ai nghe đến chữ drive, lane, way hay thậm chí court.

Các loại đường đi thường dùng ở Anh

Ở Anh, thực tế có khá nhiều từ để dùng với tên đường, tùy theo độ lớn nhỏ của con đường trong ngữ cảnh cụ thể (in a specific context). Bên dưới, tôi liệt kê các từ theo thứ tự chữ cái, được dùng nhiều ở Anh để nói đến các loại đường.

Street Type Abbreviation Explanation
Alley Ally a garden or park walk bordered by trees or bushes
Arcade Arc Grand Arcade, Cambridge
Avenue Ave
Boulevard Bvd
Bypass Bypa
Circuit Cct
Close Cl Parlour Cl
Corner Crn
Court Ct
Crescent Cres
Cul-de-sac Cds dead-end: đường cùng,
có thể viết: culdesac, cul de sac
Drive Dr Còn có chữ driveway
21 Island Heights Drive
Esplanade Esp
Green Grn
Grove Gr
Highway Hwy
Hill Hill
Junction Jnc
Lane Ln Coldhams Ln
Link Link
Mews Mews
Motorway
Parade Pde
Passage Passage A way of exit or entrance: một ngõ để vào hoặc ra
Path Pth A trodden way: một lối đi bộ
Place Pl
Ridge Rdge
Road Rd Orchid Rd; phần lớn các con đường dùng với chữ road
Row Rw
Square Sq
Street St High St
Terrace Tce
Walk Garden Walk
Way Sử dụng rất thường xuyên
Wheatsheaf Way

Một số loại đường có sự khác biệt rõ ràng. Ví dụ, street hay road dùng cho các con đường lớn, rộng, quy định tốc độ tối đa (maximum speed) cao hơn so với lane, court hay drive. Khi nhắc đến passage, ta hiểu đó là một con đường ngắn nối thông hai con đường khác, cũng có thể là hẻm cụt, tương tự như chữ cul-de-sac. Hoặc đã walk thì chắc không thể chạy xe hơi vào trừ trường hợp người dân ở đó đỗ xe trước nhà họ. Có nhiều từ không phân biệt rõ sự khác biệt khi sử dụng, ví dụ alley, arcade, close, v.v...

Viết tắt của các loại tên đường

Khi xem bản đồ trực tuyến của Google (Google Map), bạn sẽ thấy có nhiều chữ viết tắt mà nếu không học bạn khó lòng biết ý nghĩa của nó là gì. Ví dụ: 6 Legion Ct, CB4 2TW, trong đó Ct viết tắt chữ Court /kɔːt/. Tôi chắc bạn sẽ thắc mắc court là tòa án, phiên tòa, hay quan tòa!? Ở Anh, nó được sử dụng với tên của những con đường ngắn, nhỏ nằm xen kẽ trong các khu nhà, căn hộ (blocks of flats or apartment buildings) hoặc các nhà cao tầng đấy các bạn.

Image courtesy at [1]


Tham khảo

[1] https://blogmedia.dealerfire.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/234/2016/10/Street-Name-Blog-A_b.jpg
[2] Xem bài post cũ của tôi ở đây, https://www.facebook.com/nvntung/posts/10209587432866713

Monday, 11 March 2019

Bình sữa của tôi đã hỏng

Sáng sớm lên cơ quan, Sarala đã đến sớm và ngồi vào bàn làm việc của cô ấy. Như thường lệ, trước khi bắt tay vào công việc hàng ngày (daily routines), Sarala đều pha một cốc (mug) trà sữa truyền thống của nước Anh. Khi nói đến nước uống truyền thống (traditional drink) của Anh phải nhắc đến món trà đen đậm pha sữa thêm tí đường (strong black tea milk with sugar) tuỳ khẩu vị của từng người.
Bình thường là vậy nhưng hôm nay khi tôi vừa bỏ chiếc ba lô bên cạnh chiếc ghế xoay (swevel chair), cô liền hỏi:
- Tung, could I take a bit of your bottled milk? Mine was stale. I have gone to Murray to buy a new bottle but they don't have.
- Yes, please. I am working from home on Monday so bring a small bottle. Help your self.

Trong đoạn hội thoại này, Sarala dùng was stale để nói rằng bình sữa của cô đã bị hỏng, không dùng được nữa.
Định nghĩa của từ stale trong Cambridge Dictionary
Như bạn thấy đấy, nếu dùng được từ stale có nghĩa bạn đã thêm một từ mới nữa vào trình độ C1 của mình.
Trong lập trình, từ stale vẫn hay dùng khi chương trình gây ra lỗi do có đoạn lệnh chúng ta tham chiếu đến dữ liệu không còn tồn tại trong một phiên giao dịch (transaction hoặc session). Ví dụ:

Thrown when a version number or timestamp check failed, indicating that the Session contained stale data (when using long transactions with versioning). Also occurs if we try delete or update a row that does not exist.
Thực tế, trong tiếng Anh giao tiếp, trong tình huống này (sữa hỏng, không uống được nữa) người bản xứ dùng khá đơn giản. My milk has gone!!!
Một từ nữa để chỉ sự hỏng hóc, không còn dùng được nữa là out of order. Từ này dùng trong hoàn cảnh ví dụ cái máy hỏng, cái cầu tiểu không mở nước dội.
It has been out of order.

Tuesday, 5 January 2016

100 lesson English conversation for beginner


Lesson 1: WHERE ARE YOU FROM?

-        Hello
o   Hello
-        How are you?
o   I’m good. How are you?
-        Good. Do you speak English?
o   A little. Are you American:
-        Yes.
o   Where are you from?
-        I’m come from California.
o   Nice to meet you.
-        Nice to meet you, too.

Lesson 2: DO YOU SPEAK ENGLISH?

-        Excuse me, are you American?
o   No.
-        Do you speak English?
o   A little but not very well
-        How long have you been here?
o   2 months/ only 2 months
-        What do you do for work?
o   I’m student. How aout you?
-        I’m student, too.

Lesson 3: WHAT ‘S YOUR NAME?

-        Excuse me, what’s your name?
o   My name is …. What’s yours?
-       
o   You speak English very well.
-        Thank you.
o   Do you know what time is it?
-        Sure. It’s 5.10 pm.
o   Sorry. What did you say?
-        I said 5.10 pm.
o   Thank you


Lesson 4: ASKING DIRECTIONS

-        Hi, Nick
o   Hi Ann. What’s up?
-        I’m looking for airport. Can you tell me how to get there?
o   No, sorry. I don’t know.
-        I think I can take the subway to the airport. Do you know where the subway is?
o   Sure. It’s over there.
-        Where? I don’t see it.
o   Across the street.
-        Oh, I see it now. Thanks.
o   Do you know if there’s a restroom around here.
-        Yes, there’s one here. It’s in the store.
o   Thanks.
-        Bye.

Lesson 5: I’M HUNGRY

-        Hi, Sara. How are you?
o   Fine. How are you doing?
-        Ok
o   What do you want to do?
-        I’m hungry. I’d like to eat something.
o    Where do you want to go?
-        I’d like go to an Italian food restaurant.
o   What kind of Italian food do you like?
-        I like spaghetti. Do you like spaghetti?
o   No, I don’t but I like pizza.

Lesson 6: DO YOU WANT SOMETHING TO DRINK?

-        David, would you like something to eat?
o   No, I’m full.
-        Do you want to something to drink?
o   Yes, I’d like some coffee.
-        Sorry, I don’t have coffee.
o   That’s ok. I’ll have a glass of water.
-        A small glass or big one.
o   Small, please.
-        Here you go.
o   Thanks.
-        You’re welcome.

Lesson 7: THAT’S TOO LATE.

-        Marry, would you like to get something to eat with me?
o   Ok, when?
-        At 10 o’clock.
o   10 in the morning?
-        No, At night.
o   Sorry, that’s too late. I usually go to bed around 10.pm
-        Ok, how about 1.30 pm.
o   No, that’s too early. I’ll still be at work then.
-        How about 5pm
o   That’s fine.
-        Ok, see you then.
o   Alright. Bye.


Lesson 8: CHOOSE A TIME TO MEET

-        Ann, would you like to have dinner with me?
o   Yes, that would be nice. When do you want to go?
-        Is today ok?
o   Sorry, I can’t go today.
-        How about tomorrow night?
o   Ok. What time?
-        Is 9.00pm all right?
o   I think that’s too late.
-        Is 6.00pm ok?
o   Yes, that’s good. Where would you like to go?
-        The Italian restaurant on 5th street.
o   Oh, I don’t like that restaurant. I don’t want to go there.
-        How about Korean restaurant next to it?
o   Ok, I like that restaurant.

Lesson 9: WHEN DO YOU WANT TO GO?

-        Hi Mark,
o   Hi.
-        What are you planning to do today?
o   I’m not sure yet.
-        Would you like to have lunch with me?
o   Yes, when?
-        Is 11.30 am ok?
o   Sorry, I didn’t hear you. Can you say that again please?
-        I said 11.30am
o   Oh, I’m busy then. Can we meet a little later?
-        Ok, how about 12.30am
o   Ok, where?
-        How about Bill’s seafood restaurant?
o   Oh, where’s that?
-        It’s on 7th street.
o   I’ll meet you there


Lesson 10: ORDER FOOD

-        Hello, sir, would you like to order now?
o   What do you have?
-        What would you like to drink?
o   I’ll have a bottle of water, please
-        What would you like to eat?
o   I’ll have a tuna fish sandwich and a bowl of vegetable soup.
-        Ok.

Lesson 11: NOW AND LATER

-        Chris, where are you going?
o   I’m going to go to the store.
-        Really? I’m going to go there too
o   Would you like to come with me?
-        Yes, let’s go together.
o   Would you like to go now or later?
-        Now.
o   What?
-        Now would be better.
o   Ok, let’s go
-        Shall we walk?
o   It’s too far. Let’s drive.


Lesson 12: DO YOU HAVE ENOUGH MONEY?

-        Tony, what are you going to go today?
o   I’m going to shopping
-        What time are you leaving?
o   I’m going to leave around 4 o’clock
-        Will you buy a ham sandwich for me at the store
o   Ok.
-        Do you have enough money?
o   I’m not sure.
-        How much do you have?
o   25$. Do you think that enough?
-        That’s not very much.
o   I think it’s ok. I also have 2 credit cards.
-        Let me give you another 10$.
o   Thanks. See you later.

Lesson 13: HOW HAVE YOU BEEN?

-        Hello, Tom
o   Hi, Ann
-        How have you been?
o   Not to good.
-        Sorry to hear that.
o   It’s ok, it’s not serious
-        That’s good. How’s your wife?
o   She’s good.
-        Is she America now?
o   No, she’s not here yet.
-        Where is she?
o   She’s in Canada with our kids.
-        I see. I have to go now. Please tell your wife I said hi.
 Ok, I’ll talk to you later.


Lesson 14: BUYING A SHIRT

-        Excuse me.
o   Hello sir, may I help you?
-        Yes, can I see that shirt on the top shelf please?
o   Sure, here it is.
-        How much does it cost?
o   50 $
-        50$. That’s too much.
o   How about this one? It’s on sale for only 35$.
-        I don’t like that one.
o   How about the one next to the black gloves? It’s similar to the one you like.
-        That’s nice. How much is it?
o   30$
-        That’s be fine.
o   Is this color ok or would you like a different color?
-        That blue one’s fine.
o   Do you need any more of these shirts?
-        Yes.
o   How many do you want?
-        I’ll take 2 more a red one and a white one.

Lesson 15: ASKING A LOCATION

-        Excuse me. I’m looking for the Holiday Inn, do you know where is it?
o   Sure. It’s down the street on the left.
-        Is it far from here?
o   No, it’s not far.
-        How far is it?
o   About mile and a half.
-        How long does it take to get there?
o   5 minutes or so.
-        Is it close to the subway station?
o   Yes, it’s very close the subway station is next to the hotel. You can walk there.

-        Thanks a lot.

   Lesson 16: DO YOU KNOW THE ADDRESS?

-           Excuse me. Do you know how to get to the mall?
o    Sure, I used to work there. Go straight for about a mile then turn left at the light. The mall will be on the right.
-           Do you know the address?
o    Yes, the address is 541 Main Street.
-           Can you write it down for me please?
o    No problem.
-           Is it faster if I take Highland Avenue?
o    No, the way is longer. There are more stop lights on the street.
-           I think you’re right. Thanks

Lesson 17: VACATION TO CANADA

-           What’s today’s date?
o    It’s July 5th.
-           When are you going to vacation?
o    I’m leaving on Sunday. We’re going to Canada.
-           Really? The day after tomorrow. That’s very soon.
o    Yes, I know.
-           How long are you going to stay here?
o    About 2 weeks.
-           When are you coming back?
o    I’m coming back on the 17th.
-           Alright. Have a nice trip.

Lesson 18: THE SUPERMARKET IS CLOSED

-        Jeff, I’m going the supermarket. Do you want to come with me?
o   I think the supermarket is closed now.
-        Oh, when does it close?
o   It’s closes at 7.00 on Sunday.
-        That’s too bad.
o   Don’t worry. We can go tomorrow morning. It’s open at 8.00
-        Alright. What do you want to go now?
o   Let’s take a walk for a half an hour. My sister will get here at about 8.30 and then we can all to out to dinner.
-        Where does she live?
o   She lives in San Fancisco
-        How long has she live there?
o   I think she’s live there for about 10 years.
-        That’s a long time. Where did she live before that?
o   San Diego.

Lesson 19: I LOST MY WALLET.

-        Hey, how’s it going?
o   Not good, I lost my wallet.
-        That’s too bad. Was it stolen?
o   No, I think it come out of my pocket when I was in the taxi.
-        I there anything I can do?
o   Can I borrow some money?
-        Sure. How much do you need?
o   50$
-        No problem.
o   Thanks. I’ll pay you back on Friday.
-        That’s fine. Here you are.
o   What are you going to do now?
-        I’m going to buy some books and then I’m going to the gas station.
o   If you wait a minute I can go with you.

-        Ok, I’ll wait for you.